New york: The General Assembly adopted four resolutions on ocean governance, highlighting divisions among Member States on whether to include references to sustainable development conferences in its annual omnibus resolution. This resolution, traditionally supported by consensus from all 193 Member States, was subject to recorded votes this year, reflecting the stark differences. According to EMM, the Assembly adopted three texts by recorded votes, including an amended resolution. The session concluded with a debate on oceans and the law of the sea on December 8. The Assembly's most contentious action was the adoption of the annual omnibus resolution, "Oceans and the law of the sea" (document A/80/L.22), by a recorded vote of 166 in favor, 1 against (Trkiye), and 4 abstentions (Argentina, Colombia, El Salvador, United States). The Assembly also adopted an amendment welcoming the convening of the Thirtieth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, by a vote of 135 in favor, 3 against (Israel, Tonga, United States), and 24 abstentions. This amendment was introduced by Brazil and addressed the omission of recent climate conferences from the text. In addition, the Assembly endorsed a resolution titled "Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction" (document A/80/L.13) by a vote of 168 in favor, 1 against (Russian Federation), and 1 abstention (United States). This resolution recognized the 2023 treaty on marine biodiversity as a significant multilateral achievement. The Assembly scheduled the 2028 United Nations Conference to support the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14 in the Republic of Korea, adopting the corresponding resolution by a vote of 169 in favor and 2 against (Argentina, United States). Additionally, a resolution on sustainable fisheries was adopted without a vote, highlighting the importance of s ustainable fisheries for food security and economic development. During the session, Namibia and Fiji emphasized the critical role of ocean governance in addressing environmental challenges and promoting equity. Tomas Heidar, President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and Leticia Reis de Carvalho, Secretary-General of the International Seabed Authority, provided updates on legal cases and the development of the Mining Code, respectively. Speakers from several countries, including Singapore, United States, Palau, Trkiye, El Salvador, and others, expressed their positions on the resolutions, reflecting the complexity of international ocean governance.